Passive Fire Protection
Passive Fire Protection
Norimax Passive Fire Protection Team specializes in application of intumescent fireproofing coatings for hydrocarbon-fires and jet-fires in the Oil & Gas environment. Norimax PFP applies both solvent-based and water-based intumescent fireproofing coatings.
Norimax PFP team also specializes in the installation of fire-jackets for valves and actuators.
The Effect of Fire on Intumescent Coating
Intumescent fireproofing coating swells to >40 times in volume when burnt by fire.
The swelling is due to exothermic reaction of the fire-resistant chemicals in the coating.
The swelling insulates the steel below the coating while swelled coating maintains its integrity for up to 2 hours.
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PFP Application
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Fireproofing
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Maintain Structural Integrity of Metal Supports before collapse. Steel structure collapse within 5 minutes in hydrocarbon fire.
Norimax is approved applicator for
ALBI –water-base
PITT-CHAR – solvent-base
Active Fire Protection
Require mechanical trigger to activate the system.
To extinguish the fire.
Sprinklers
Fire Extinguisher
Hose Reel
Passive Fire Protection
Fireproofing systems such as coatings, jackets & blankets which do not need mechanical activation.
To protect structures under fire.
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Passive Fire Protection Materials
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Concrete
Cementitious Products
Epoxy Intumescent Coatings
Acrylic Intumescent Coatings
Fire Proofing Casting
Fire Proofing Jackets
Concrete
Example: 6 inches for 2 hours fire protection
Concrete spalls after 2 hours and fire penetrate to the steel column
Cementitious
Example: Mandoval, Pyrok, Pyrocrete
Made from volcano ash (Vermiculite), mineral fiber, etc.
2-3 inches for 2 hours fire protection Spalls after 2 hours and fire penetrate to the steel column
Intumescent Coating
Firetex M90 – solvent based
Chartek 7 - solvent based
Pittchar - solvent based
Thermolag - solvent based
ALBI 800 – water based
5-20mm thickness for 2 hours fire protection
Passive Fire Protection Intumescent Materials
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Passive Fire Protection Standards/ Fire Rating
Cellulosic < 1000º C Hydrocarbon Fire > 1000 º C
Cellulosic-timber, fabric, paper, etc. Hydrocarbon-chemicals, fuels, gas, petroleum
Jet Fire- hydrocarbon fire from fractured riser pipe or product pipeline, etc.
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Steel start to buckle & collapse at about 550 deg C
Test Standards of Passive Fire Protection
(Cellulosic)
BS 476 Part 7-Fire tests on building materials and structures
ASTM E119-Fire tests of Building Construction and Materials
ISO 834-Fire-resistance tests-Elements of building construction
Test Standards of Passive Fire Protection
(Hydrocarbon)
UL 1709 Rapid Rise Fire Tests of Protection Materials for Structural Steel
Jet fire-Sintef Test (Norway)
Jet fire-British Gas Test (Spade Adams-UK)
Testing Bodies
Underwriter Laboratories (UL)-USA
Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD)
Sintef (Norway)
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) - Norway
Lloyds Register - UK
BAM - Germany (vessels)
ExxonMobil - US
Fire Test Heat Flux
Cellulosic Fire 100kW/m²
Hydrocarbon Fire 200kW/m²
Jet Fire 300kW/m²
TEST CRITERIA
STABILITY - The construction must remain stable during the period of the fire and must not collapse.
INTEGRITY - The construction must maintain its integrity during the test period such that no gaps of sufficient width open up to allow penetration of flames.
INSULATION - The fire insulation properties of the construction must be such that unexposed face must not increase in temperature by more than an average of 140°C or by more than 180°C at any one point for the duration of the test i.e 2 hours.
Passive Fire Protection Ratings
Structural Integrity (Load Bearing)
"A" rating (Cellulosic) = 60 minutes.
"H" rating (Hydrocarbon) = 120 minutes.Non-load bearing
"B" rating from 15 minutes .Insulation
"A0" (Cellulosic) = 60 minutes Fire Protection + No Insulation Required-No limit on back face.
"A60" (Cellulosic) = 60 minutes Fire Protection + 60 minutes Insulation-Back face limit required.
"H0" (Hydrocarbon) = 120 minutes Fire Protection + No Insulation Required.
"H60" (Hydrocarbon) = 120 minutes Fire Protection + 60 minutes Insulation.
"H120" (Hydrocarbon) = 120 minutes Fire Protection + 120 minutes Insulation.
Section Factor Hp/A
Hp = Perimeter of section exposed to fire (m)
A = Cross sectional area of the steel member (m²)
Large Perimeter (Hp) will receive more heat than smaller perimeter.
Greater cross sectional area (A) of a section, the greater is the heat sink.
Hp/A = Rate at which a section will heat up in a fire he higher the value, the greater will be the protection thickness.
"Each manufacturer has their own product thickness tables based on test reports."
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High Hp Low A Fast Heating (Requires more insulation)
Low Hp High A Slow Heating (Requires less insulation)
Passive Fire Protection Intumescent Coatings
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Reinforce Mesh - ensure the material stays in place during the intumescent reaction.
Types of Mesh
Chicken Wire Mesh - require pin
Carbon Mesh (Scrim) - no pin required i.e subject to site/project requirement
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Areas That Require Mesh
Coating thickness more than 5 mm, e.g. Firewall Installation of Mesh
Pinning-mesh is installed at mid depth of the PFP thickness.
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Top Coat
Color Coding
Cosmetic
Weather Resistance
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Application
Relative Humidity < 85% sensitive to high humidity
Steel Temperature < 50°C
Curing Time 2 hrs @ 23°C
Spray Pump/Roller/Trowel
Safety Precaution
Respirator
Safety Glass
Rubber Glove
Coverall
Protected Mixing Area
Quality Control
- Surface well primed and free from contamination
WFT / DFT
Mixing Ratio
Homogeneous
Thinning should not be more than 5%
No Exposed Carbon Mesh/Chicken Wire Mesh (Fully Covered with PFP Materials)
Meshing at mid depth of the total thickness
Topcoat shall be applied within 7 days of PFP curing (surface should be free from surface contaminants)
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